Occasionally the term "subordinate clause" is used for one specific type of dependent clause, but more often the two terms are synonymous.

Coordinating conjunctions are and, but, or, nor, so, yet, & for. (As a coordinating conjunction, for means because.) Learn these as a rhyme (and, but, or, nor  /  so, yet, for) or by the acronym fanboys (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).

In this context, "grammatical" means a structure sounds like a possible English sentence. Every good boy does fine is a grammatical English sentence. *Does fine good boy every is not one. (Traditionally, a star or asterisk is placed beside a structure judged ungrammatical.)

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